Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Volume 62, Issue 6 , Pages 1013-1030 , June 2010

Efficacy and safety of treatments for childhood psoriasis: A systematic literature review

References 

  1. Beylot C, Puissant A, Bioulac P, Saurat JH, Pringuet R, Doutre MS. Particular clinical features of psoriasis in infants and children. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1979;87:95–97
  2. Farber EM, Nall L. Childhood psoriasis. Cutis. 1999;64:309–314
  3. Burden AD. Management of psoriasis in childhood. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24:341–345
  4. Benoit S, Hamm H. Childhood psoriasis. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25:555–562
  5. Zappel K, Sterry W, Blume-Peytavi U. Therapy options for psoriasis in childhood and adolescence [in German]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2004;2:329–342
  6. Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence. Home page (May 2001). Available from: URL: http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025. Accessed February 19, 2009.
  7. Rattet JP, Headley JL, Barr RJ. Diaper dermatitis with psoriasiform ID eruption. Int J Dermatol. 1981;20:122–125
  8. Watanabe M, Tabata N, Tagami H. Explosive diaper pustular psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002;19:564–565
  9. Carnero L, Betlloch I, Ramon R, Albares MP, Guijarro J, Botella R. Psoriasis in a 5-month-old girl with HIV infection. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001;18:87–89
  10. Watabe H. Childhood psoriasis associated with Turner syndrome. J Dermatol. 2006;33:896–898
  11. Berzel HG. Psoriasis vulgaris: the case of a 5 year old child [German]. TW Padiatrie. 1992;5:56–59
  12. Allen HB, Honig PJ. Scaling scalp diseases in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1983;22:374–377
  13. Guill CL, Hoang MP, Carder KR. Primary annular plaque-type psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:15–18
  14. Kimball AB, Gold MH, Zib B, Davis MW. Clobetasol propionate emulsion formulation foam 0.05%: review of phase II open-label and phase III randomized controlled trials in steroid-responsive dermatoses in adults and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:448–454
  15. Herz G, Blum G, Yawalkar S. Halobetasol propionate cream by day and halobetasol propionate ointment at night for the treatment of pediatric patients with chronic, localized plaque psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;25:1166–1169
  16. McAleer P, Chu P, White SM, Don PC, Bamji M, Weinberg JM. Psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus in an infant. Pediatr Dermatol. 1999;16:144–145
  17. Feicht G. Psoriasis pustulosa in children [German]. Z Hautkr. 1982;57:1694–1696
  18. Oranje AP, Marcoux D, Svensson A, Prendiville J, Krafchik B, Toole J, et al. Topical calcipotriol in childhood psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36:203–208
  19. Saggese G, Federico G, Battini R. Topical application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) is an effective and reliable therapy to cure skin lesions in psoriatic children. Eur J Pediatr. 1993;152:389–392
  20. Perez A, Chen TC, Turner A, Holick MF. Pilot study of topical calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for treating psoriasis in children. Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:961–962
  21. Darley CR, Cunliffe WJ, Green CM, Hutchinson PE, Klaber MR, Downes N. Safety and efficacy of calcipotriol ointment (Dovonex) in treating children with psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:390–393
  22. Fabrizi G. Calcipotriol and psoriasis in children. J Dermatolog Treat. 1997;8:221–223
  23. Park SB, Suh DH, Youn JI. A pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of topical calcipotriol treatment in childhood psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1999;16:321–325
  24. Travis LB, Silverberg NB. Psoriasis in infancy: therapy with calcipotriene ointment. Cutis. 2001;68:341–344
  25. Patrizi A, Neri I, Rizzoli L, Varotti C. Topical calcipotriol in childhood psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999;79:477
  26. Choi YJ, Hann SK, Chang SN, Park WH. Infantile psoriasis: successful treatment with topical calcipotriol. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17:242–244
  27. Patrizi A, Bardazzi F, Neri I, Fanti PA. Psoriasiform acral dermatitis: a peculiar clinical presentation of psoriasis in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1999;16:439–443
  28. Perez A. Calcitriol cream shows promise for psoriasis in children. Am Fam Physician. 1994;50:1068
  29. Brune A, Miller DW, Lin P, Cotrim-Russi D, Paller AS. Tacrolimus ointment is effective for psoriasis on the face and intertriginous areas in pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:76–80
  30. Steele JA, Choi C, Kwong PC. Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of inverse psoriasis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:713–716
  31. Amichai B. Psoriasis of the glans penis in a child successfully treated with Elidel (pimecrolimus) cream. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18:742–743
  32. Mansouri P, Farshi S. Pimecrolimus 1 percent cream in the treatment of psoriasis in a child. Dermatol Online J. 2006;12:7
  33. Clayton TH, Harrison PV, Nicholls R, Delap M. Topical tacrolimus for facial psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:419–420
  34. Ahn SJ, Oh SH, Chang SE, Choi JH, Koh JK. A case of infantile psoriasis with pseudoainhum successfully treated with topical pimecrolimus and low-dose narrowband UVB phototherapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:1332–1334
  35. Zvulunov A, Anisfeld A, Metzker A. Efficacy of short-contact therapy with dithranol in childhood psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. 1994;33:808–810
  36. Guerrier CJ, Porter DI. An open assessment of 0.1% dithranol in a 17% urea base ('Psoradrate' 0.1%) in the treatment of psoriasis of children. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8:446–450
  37. Schubert B, Seitz CS, Brocker EB, Hamm H. Exanthematous infantile psoriasis [German]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5:680–682
  38. Ghorpade A. Linear nevoid psoriasis along lines of Blaschko. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18:726–727
  39. al-Fouzan AS. Nanda A. UVB phototherapy in childhood psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1995;12:66
  40. Jain VK, Aggarwal K, Jain K, Bansal A. Narrow-band UV-B phototherapy in childhood psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46:320–322
  41. Jury CS, McHenry P, Burden AD, Lever R, Bilsland D. Narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy in children. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006;31:196–199
  42. Pasic A, Ceovic R, Lipozencic J, Husar K, Susic SM, Skerlev M, et al. Phototherapy in pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20:71–77
  43. Tay YK, Morelli JG, Weston WL. Experience with UVB phototherapy in children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1996;13:406–409
  44. Kim MK, Ko YH, Yeo UC, Kim YG, Oh HY. Psoriasis and glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1998;23:295–296
  45. Thappa DM, Laxmisha C. Suit PUVA as an effective and safe modality of treatment in guttate psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:1146–1147
  46. Braun-Falco O, Berthold D, Ruzicka T. Psoriasis pustulosa generalisata–classification, clinical aspects and therapy. Review and experiences with 18 patients [German]. Hautarzt. 1987;38:509–520
  47. Rawal RC. Nevoid psoriasis? Unilateral psoriasis?. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45:1001–1002
  48. Maly J. Generalized pustular psoriasis [German]. Z Hautkr. 1994;69:549–550
  49. Zelickson BD, Muller SA. Generalized pustular psoriasis in childhood: report of thirteen cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:186–194
  50. Mazzatenta C, Martini P, Luti L, Domenici R. Diffuse sterile pustular eruption with changing clinical features in a 2-year-old. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:250–253
  51. al-Fouzan AS. Hassab-el-Naby HM, Nanda A. Congenital linear psoriasis: a case report. Pediatr Dermatol. 1990;7:303–306
  52. Juanqin G, Zhiqiang C, Zijia H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of childhood generalized pustular psoriasis treatment in 30 cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 1998;15:144–146
  53. Patrizi A, Costa AM, Fiorillo L, Neri I. Perianal streptococcal dermatitis associated with guttate psoriasis and/or balanoposthitis: a study of five cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 1994;11:168–171
  54. Pacifico L. Acute guttate psoriasis after streptococcal scarlet fever. Pediatr Dermatol. 1993;10:388–389
  55. Rosenberg EW, Noah PW, Zanolli MD, Skinner RB, Bond MJ, Crutcher N. Use of rifampin with penicillin and erythromycin in the treatment of psoriasis: preliminary report. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14:761–764
  56. Vincent F, Ross JB, Dalton M, Wort AJ. A therapeutic trial of the use of penicillin V or erythromycin with or without rifampin in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:458–461
  57. Cassandra M, Conte E, Cortez B. Childhood pustular psoriasis elicited by the streptococcal antigen: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20:506–510
  58. Komine M, Tamaki K. An open trial of oral macrolide treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. J Dermatol. 2000;27:508–512
  59. Saraswat A. Unilateral linear psoriasis with palmoplantar, nail, and scalp involvement. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:70–73
  60. Herbst RA, Hoch O, Kapp A, Weiss J. Guttate psoriasis triggered by perianal streptococcal dermatitis in a four-year-old boy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:885–887
  61. Rosinska D, Wolska H, Jablonska S, Konca I. Etretinate in severe psoriasis of children. Pediatr Dermatol. 1988;5:266–272
  62. van de Kerkhof PC. Generalized pustular psoriasis in a child. Dermatologica. 1985;170:244–248
  63. Pavicic Z, Kmet-Vizitin P, Kansky A. Etretinate in treating juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. In:  Farber EM,  Cox AJ editor. Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on psoriasis, Stanford University. Stanford (CA): University Press; 1986;p. 467
  64. Kim BS, Shin S, Youn JI, Lee YS. Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis with etretinate. Ann Dermatol. 1991;3:107–111
  65. van der Rhee HJ, van Gelderen HH, Polano MK. Is the use of Ro 10-9359 (Tigason) in children justified?. Acta Derm Venereol. 1980;60:274–275
  66. Salleras M, Sanchez-Regana M, Umbert P. Congenital erythrodermic psoriasis: case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 1995;12:231–234
  67. Judge MR, McDonald A, Black MM. Pustular psoriasis in childhood. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18:97–99
  68. Paik JH, Park PS, Choi YJ, Sung HS. Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis treated with etretinate and methotrexate. Korean J Dermatol. 1989;27:64–68
  69. Shelnitz LS, Esterly NB, Honig PJ. Etretinate therapy for generalized pustular psoriasis in children. Arch Dermatol. 1987;123:230–233
  70. Karamfilov T, Wollina U. Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1998;78:220
  71. Kopp T, Karlhofer F, Szepfalusi Z, Schneeberger A, Stingl G, Tanew A. Successful use of acitretin in conjunction with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in a child with severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type. Br J Dermatol. 2004;151:912–916
  72. Law LK, Lau CY, Pang CP, Lam WY, Sweetman L, Fok TF, et al. An unusual case of multiple carboxylase deficiency presenting as generalized pustular psoriasis in a Chinese boy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997;20:106–107
  73. Li SP, Tang WY, Lam WY, Wong SN. Renal failure and cholestatic jaundice as unusual complications of childhood pustular psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:1292–1296
  74. Pouessel G. Childhood pustular psoriasis associated with panton-valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:401–404
  75. Raynaud F, Gerbaud P, Evain-Brion D. Beneficial effect of a combination of retinoids and long-acting theophylline in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 1994;131:740–741
  76. Ergin S, Ersoy-Evans S, Sahin S, Ozkaya O. Acitretin is a safe treatment option for infantile pustular psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2008;19:341–343
  77. Stepanova A. Psoriasis in a patient with congenital lamellar ichthyosis [German]. Hautarzt. 2001;52:722–725
  78. Mahe E, Bodemer C, Pruszkowski A, Teillac-Hamel D, de Prost Y. Cyclosporine in childhood psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:1532–1533
  79. Kilic SS, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S, Karadeniz A, Ildirim I. Low dose cyclosporin A treatment in generalized pustular psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2001;18:246–248
  80. Pereira TM, Vieira AP, Fernandes JC, Sousa-Basto A. Cyclosporin A treatment in severe childhood psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:651–656
  81. Alli N, Gungor E, Karakayali G, Lenk N, Artuz F. The use of cyclosporin in a child with generalized pustular psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:754–755
  82. Torchia D, Terranova M, Fabbri P. Photosensitive psoriasis in a vitiligo patient. J Dermatol. 2006;33:880–883
  83. Perrett CM, Ilchyshyn A, Berth-Jones J. Cyclosporin in childhood psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2003;14:113–118
  84. Wollina U, Funfstuck V. Juvenile generalized circinate pustular psoriasis treated with oral cyclosporin A. Eur J Dermatol. 2001;11:117–119
  85. Kim HS, Kim GM, Kim SY. Two-stage therapy for childhood generalized pustular psoriasis: low-dose cyclosporin for induction and maintenance with acitretin/narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23:306–308
  86. Xiao T, Li B, He CD, Chen HD. Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. J Dermatol. 2007;34:573–576
  87. Collin B, Ogboli M, Moss C. Methotrexate therapy in 10 children with severe plaque psoriasis: P-29. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(Suppl):33
  88. Kaur I, Dogra S, De D, Kanwar AJ. Systemic methotrexate treatment in childhood psoriasis: further experience in 24 children from India. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:184–188
  89. Kumar B, Dhar S, Handa S, Kaur I. Methotrexate in childhood psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1994;11:271–273
  90. Kalla G, Goyal AM. Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1996;13:45–46
  91. Dogra S, Handa S, Kanwar AJ. Methotrexate in severe childhood psoriasis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:283–284
  92. Dogra S, Kumaran MS, Handa S, Kanwar AJ. Methotrexate for generalized pustular psoriasis in a 2-year-old child. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:85–86
  93. Ivker RA, Grin-Jorgensen CM, Vega VK, Hoss DM, Grant-Kels JM. Infantile generalized pustular psoriasis associated with lytic lesions of the bone. Pediatr Dermatol. 1993;10:277–282
  94. Liao PB, Rubinson R, Howard R, Sanchez G, Frieden IJ. Annular pustular psoriasis–most common form of pustular psoriasis in children: report of three cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002;19:19–25
  95. Al-Shobaili H, Al-Khenaizan S. Childhood generalized pustular psoriasis: successful treatment with isotretinoin. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:563–564
  96. Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Langley RG, Gottlieb AB, Pariser D, Landells I, et al. Etanercept treatment for children and adolescents with plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:241–251
  97. Papoutsaki M, Costanzo A, Massotta A, Gramiccia T, Soda R, Chimenti S. Etanercept for the treatment of severe childhood psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:181–183
  98. Kress DW. Etanercept therapy improves symptoms and allows tapering of other medications in children and adolescents with moderate to severe psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(Suppl):S126–S128
  99. Hawrot AC, Metry DW, Theos AJ, Levy ML. Etanercept for psoriasis in the pediatric population: experience in nine patients. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23:67–71
  100. Hoang JK, Burruss J. Localized cutaneous Cryptococcus albidus infection in a 14-year-old boy on etanercept therapy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:285–288
  101. Pereira TM, Vieira AP, Fernandes JC, Antunes H, Basto AS. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy in childhood pustular psoriasis. Dermatology. 2006;213:350–352
  102. Fabrizi G, Guerriero C, Pagliarello C. Etanercept in infants: suberythrodermic, recalcitrant psoriasis in a 22 month-old child successfully treated with etanercept. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17:245
  103. Farnsworth NN, George SJ, Hsu S. Successful use of infliximab following a failed course of etanercept in a pediatric patient. Dermatol Online J. 2005;11:11
  104. Menter MA, Cush JM. Successful treatment of pediatric psoriasis with infliximab. Pediatr Dermatol. 2004;21:87–88
  105. Safa G, Loppin M, Bousser AM, Barbarot S. Etanercept in a 7-year-old boy with severe and recalcitrant psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(Suppl):S19–S20
  106. Weishaupt C, Metze D, Luger TA, Stander S. Treatment of pustular psoriasis with infliximab [German]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5:397–399
  107. Lin YK, Yen HR, Wong WR, Yang SH, Pang JH. Successful treatment of pediatric psoriasis with Indigo naturalis composite ointment. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006;23:507–510
  108. Pahlajani N, Katz BJ, Lozano AM, Murphy F, Gottlieb A. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the 308 nm excimer laser for the treatment of localized psoriasis in adults and in children: a pilot study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:161–165
  109. Diluvio L, Campione E, Paterno EJ, Mordenti C, El Hachem M, Chimenti S. Childhood nail psoriasis: a useful treatment with tazarotene 0.05%. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:332–333
  110. Michalowski R, Olejnicka Z, Kozak S, Urban J. Studies on the therapeutic effect of Wratizolin in selected dermatoses. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1983;31:649–654
  111. Gunther CH. Successive use of fumaric acid esters for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in a 14-year-old patient [German]. Hautarzt. 2004;15:28–30
  112. Yu HJ, Park JW, Park JM, Hwang DK, Park YW. A case of childhood generalized pustular psoriasis treated with dapsone. J Dermatol. 2001;28:316–319
  113. Fernandes EI, Ferreira CT. Da Silveira TR, Cestari TF. Pustular psoriasis and Crohn's disease: case report. An Bras Dermatol. 2000;75:57–64
  114. Tsuge I, Fujii H, Andou Y, Katayama I, Kajita M, Haga Y, et al. A case of infantile febrile psoriasiform dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol. 1995;12:28–34
  115. McMillin BD, Maddern BR, Graham WR. A role for tonsillectomy in the treatment of psoriasis?. Ear Nose Throat J. 1999;78:155–158
  116. Hone SW, Donnelly MJ, Powell F, Blayney AW. Clearance of recalcitrant psoriasis after tonsillectomy. Clin Otolaryngol. 1996;21:546–547
  117. Wahba A, Cohen H. Therapeutic trials with oral colchicine in psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1980;60:515–520
  118. Zachariae H, Kragballe K, Herlin T. Colchicine in generalized pustular psoriasis: clinical response and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by monocytes and neutrophils. Arch Dermatol Res. 1982;274:327–333
  119. American Academy of Dermatology Committee on Guidelines of Care . Guidelines of care for phototherapy and photochemotherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31:643–648
  120. Stern RS, Nichols KT. Therapy with orally administered methoxsalen and ultraviolet A radiation during childhood increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma: the PUVA follow-up study. J Pediatr. 1996;129:915–917
  121. Dennis LK, Vanbeek MJ, Beane Freeman LE, Smith BJ, Dawson DV, Coughlin JA. Sunburns and risk of cutaneous melanoma: does age matter? A comprehensive meta-analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18:614–627
  122. Owen CM, Chalmers RJ, O'Sullivan T, Griffiths CE. Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001976
  123. Wilson JK, Al-Suwaidan SN, Krowchuk D, Feldman SR. Treatment of psoriasis in children: is there a role for antibiotic therapy and tonsillectomy?. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003;20:11–15
  124. Brecher AR, Orlow SJ. Oral retinoid therapy for dermatologic conditions in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:171–182
  125. Berth-Jones J. The use of cyclosporin in psoriasis. J Dermatolog Treat. 2005;16:258–277
  126. Harper JI, Ahmed I, Barclay G, Lacour M, Hoeger P, Cork MJ, et al. Cyclosporin for severe childhood atopic dermatitis: short course versus continuous therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:52–58
  127. Ramanan AV, Whitworth P, Baildam EM. Use of methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:197–200
  128. Niehues T, Horneff G, Michels H, Hock MS, Schuchmann L. Evidence-based use of methotrexate in children with rheumatic diseases: a consensus statement of the Working Groups Pediatric Rheumatology Germany (AGKJR) and Pediatric Rheumatology Austria. Rheumatol Int. 2005;25:169–178
  129. Lovell DJ, Reiff A, Ilowite NT, Wallace CA, Chon Y, Lin SL, et al. Safety and efficacy of up to eight years of continuous etanercept therapy in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1496–1504

 Supported by University Medical Center St Radboud Foundation, which received funding from Wyeth Pharmaceuticals for the project. Wyeth Pharmaceuticals played no role in the design and execution of the study or in data collection, data management, data analysis, interpretation of the data, manuscript preparation, manuscript review, or manuscript approval.

 Conflicts of interest: None declared.

 Disclosure: Dr de Jager participated in trials funded by Schering Plough and Abbott. Dr de Jong served as consultant for Biogen, Serono, Wyeth, and Abbott. She also received research grants from Merck Serono and Wyeth. Dr van de Kerkhof served as consultant for Schering Plough, Cellgene, Centocor, Allmirall, UCB, Wyeth, Pfizer, Soffinova, Abbott, Actelion, Galderma, Novartis, Janssen Cilag, and Leo Pharma. He also received research grants from Centocor, Wyeth, Schering Plough, Merck Serono, Abbott, and Philips Lighting. Dr Seyger has served as a consultant for Wyeth and participated in trials funded by Schering Plough and Wyeth.

PII: S0190-9622(09)00780-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.048

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Volume 62, Issue 6 , Pages 1013-1030 , June 2010