Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Volume 62, Issue 6 , Pages 957-961 , June 2010

Development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with immunobullous and connective tissue disease receiving immunosuppressive medications

  • Jacqueline L. Gerhart, BS

      Affiliations

    • Mayo Medical School, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
    • ,
  • Amer N. Kalaaji, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Amer N. Kalaaji, MD, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.

,Accepted 27 July 2009.

References 

  1. Arend SM, Kroon FP, van't Wout JW. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS, 1980 through 1993: an analysis of 78 cases. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:2436–2441
  2. Bartlett MS, Smith JW. Pneumocystis carinii, an opportunist in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991;4:137–149
  3. Ognibene FP, Shelhamer JH, Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Reda D, Fauci AS, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:795–799
  4. Saito K, Nakayamada S, Nakano K, Tokunaga M, Tsujimura S, Nakatsuka K, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification in patients with connective tissue diseases: re-evaluation of clinical features of P. carinii pneumonia in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:479–485
  5. Sepkowitz KA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17:S416–S422
  6. Thomas CF, Limper AH. Pneumocystis pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2487–2498
  7. Roblot F, Godet C, Le Moal G, Garo B, Faouzi Souala M, Dary M, et al. Analysis of underlying diseases and prognosis factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised HIV-negative patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21:523–531
  8. van der Lelie J, Venema D, Kuijper EJ, van Steenwijk RP, van Oers MH, Thomas LL, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-negative patients with hematologic disease. Infection. 1997;25:78–81
  9. Vassallo R, Thomas CF, Vuk-Pavlovic Z, Limper AH. Mechanisms of defense in the lung: lessons from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2000;17:130–139
  10. Limper AH. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: does use of only bronchoalveolar lavage suffice?. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:1121–1123
  11. Hahn PY, Limper AH. The role of inflammation in respiratory impairment during Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect. 2003;18:40–47
  12. Ogawa J, Harigai M, Nagasaka K, Nakamura T, Miyasaka N. Prediction of and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases undergoing medium- or high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Mod Rheumatol. 2005;15:91–96
  13. Raychaudhuri SP, Siu S. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for dermatological diseases. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141:528–530
  14. Sato T, Inokuma S, Maezawa R, Nakayama H, Hamasaki K, Miwa Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. Mod Rheumatol. 2005;15:191–197
  15. Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996;71:5–13
  16. Sowden E, Carmichael AJ. Autoimmune inflammatory disorders, systemic corticosteroids and Pneumocystis pneumonia: a strategy for prevention. BMC Infect Dis. 2004;4:42

 Funding sources: None.

 Conflicts of interest: None declared.

PII: S0190-9622(09)00966-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.042

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Volume 62, Issue 6 , Pages 957-961 , June 2010

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